Andrej Karpathy

Slovak-born Canadian computer scientist and educator. His Stanford doctorate under Fei-Fei LiFei-Fei Li, prop. n.: A Chinese-American computer scientist whose ImageNet project, millions of hand-labeled photos, gave deep learning the proving ground that launched its boom; she now champions 'human-centered' AI. (2015) linked images and language for image captioningimage captioning, n.: Having a computer write a short description of a picture, such as 'a dog catching a frisbee in a park', to help blind people, search engines and other AI systems., and he co-created and taught Stanford's course CS231n on convolutional networksconvolutional neural network, n.: A kind of neural network built for images and other grid-like data. It slides small pattern detectors across the input, finding edges first, then shapes, then whole objects. for vision. A founding member of OpenAIOpenAI, prop. n.: The American company that makes ChatGPT and the GPT models. It began in 2015 as a nonprofit research lab and is now a for-profit company overseen by a nonprofit foundation. (2015–2017), he then led the computer-vision team for Tesla's Autopilot driver-assistance system as its director of AI (2017–2022), returned briefly to OpenAI (2023–2024) and in 2024 founded Eureka Labs, an AI-education company. His widely followed video lectures and minimal code bases (micrograd, nanoGPT, llm.c) teach how language modelslarge language model, n.: A computer program trained on enormous amounts of text to predict the words that come next. At vast scale, that simple skill lets it chat, answer questions, translate, summarize and write code. are built. He has named several ideas in AI culture: Software 2.0Software 2.0, n.: Andrej Karpathy's 2017 name for software whose behavior is learned from examples by a neural network instead of being written line by line by programmers. (2017), the quip that English is the hottest new programming languageEnglish is the hottest new programming language, phr.: A catchphrase meaning that people can now get computers to do things by describing what they want to an AI in ordinary language, instead of writing code. (2023), vibe codingvibe coding, n.: Programming by conversation: you ask an AI for what you want, try out what it produces and ask again until it works, trusting the code without really reading it. (2025), Software 3.0Software 3.0, n.: Andrej Karpathy's name for programming computers by writing plain-language instructions for AI models, following traditional code (Software 1.0) and trained neural networks (Software 2.0). (2025) and jagged intelligencejagged intelligence, n.: The uneven pattern of AI abilities: today's systems can solve very hard problems yet fail at some a child could manage, so their skills form a spiky profile rather than a smooth one.. In May 2026 he joined the pretraining team at AnthropicAnthropic, prop. n.: An American AI company that makes the Claude chatbot and models. It was founded in 2021 by former OpenAI staff and puts particular emphasis on AI safety research., helping to start a group that uses its ClaudeClaude, prop. n.: A family of AI assistants and language models made by the company Anthropic since 2023, widely used for writing, analysis and computer programming. models to speed up pretraining research.