frame
In plain wordsIn classic AI, a ready-made template for a familiar kind of thing or event, such as a kitchen or a job interview, with blanks to fill in and sensible default values.
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Knowledge representation
A data structure that packages the typical features of one kind of object, concept or situation into named slots (attributes) with fillers (values), where fillers may be defaults that hold unless contradicted, constraints on admissible values, or attached procedures that run when a slot is read or changed. Frames are linked into hierarchies through which slots and defaults are inherited, and into systems in which one frame's slot points to another frame. When a situation is recognized as fitting a frame, its defaults supply expectations about unobserved details: a room frame predicts walls, a floor and a door. Frames influenced object-oriented programming and the KL-ONE family of languages that led to description logicsdescription logic, n.: A family of precise logical languages for defining categories and how they relate, such as 'a parent is a person with at least one child', designed so that a computer's reasoning about them always finishes..
The restaurant frame's 'payment' slot defaults to card unless the dialogue says otherwise.
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Linguistics
In Charles Fillmore's frame semantics, the background scenario a word evokes, with roles for its participants: 'buy' evokes a commercial transaction with buyer, seller, goods and money. The FrameNet database catalogs such frames for semantic parsingsemantic parsing, n.: Translating a sentence into a precise, machine-executable form — such as a database query or a logical formula — so that a computer can act on what was asked. and semantic role labeling.
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Video
One still image in the sequence that makes up a video or animation. Video recognition and generation models typically process or produce a fixed number of frames per second, and consistency between consecutive frames is a key quality measure.
Origin
The knowledge-representation sense was introduced by Marvin MinskyMarvin Minsky, prop. n.: An American AI pioneer who helped launch the field and MIT's AI laboratory, co-wrote a famous critique of early neural networks, and pictured the mind as a society of many simple parts. in 'A Framework for Representing Knowledge' (MIT AI Laboratory Memo 306, 1974), which related the idea to the psychologist Frederic Bartlett's schemata. Frame languages such as FRL and KRL followed in 1977.
Usage note
Not to be confused with the frame problemframe problem, n.: The difficulty of getting an AI to work out what does and does not change when something happens, without spelling out every one of the countless things that stay the same., a separate puzzle about representing what does not change when an action occurs.
Related
- scriptscript, n.: In classic AI, a stored outline of a familiar sequence of events, such as eating at a restaurant, that helps a program understand a story by filling in what normally happens.
- semantic networksemantic network, n.: A way of storing knowledge as a web of concepts joined by labeled arrows, such as 'canary — is a — bird' and 'bird — can — fly', so a program can follow the links.
- knowledge representationknowledge representation, n.: The study of how to record knowledge about objects, categories, rules and events in a precise format, so that a program can reason with it and reach conclusions nobody typed in.
- Marvin MinskyMarvin Minsky, prop. n.: An American AI pioneer who helped launch the field and MIT's AI laboratory, co-wrote a famous critique of early neural networks, and pictured the mind as a society of many simple parts.
- description logicdescription logic, n.: A family of precise logical languages for defining categories and how they relate, such as 'a parent is a person with at least one child', designed so that a computer's reasoning about them always finishes.
- ontologyontology, n.: A carefully defined vocabulary for a subject such as medicine, spelling out each kind of thing, how kinds nest inside one another, and which connections between them are allowed.
- frame problemframe problem, n.: The difficulty of getting an AI to work out what does and does not change when something happens, without spelling out every one of the countless things that stay the same.
Sources
- Minsky, M. (1974). A Framework for Representing Knowledge. MIT-AI Laboratory Memo 306.
Mentioned in
symbolic AIsymbolic AI, n.: An approach to AI that writes knowledge down as human-readable symbols and rules, such as 'every bird has wings', and reasons by manipulating them step by step instead of learning patterns from data., frame problemframe problem, n.: The difficulty of getting an AI to work out what does and does not change when something happens, without spelling out every one of the countless things that stay the same., good old-fashioned AIgood old-fashioned AI, n.: A nickname for the classic style of AI, dominant from the 1950s to the 1980s, that tried to make computers intelligent by writing knowledge and rules down by hand., knowledge baseknowledge base, n.: A store of facts and rules that a program can reason with: like a database, but organized so that new conclusions can be worked out from it, not just looked up., knowledge representationknowledge representation, n.: The study of how to record knowledge about objects, categories, rules and events in a precise format, so that a program can reason with it and reach conclusions nobody typed in., Marvin MinskyMarvin Minsky, prop. n.: An American AI pioneer who helped launch the field and MIT's AI laboratory, co-wrote a famous critique of early neural networks, and pictured the mind as a society of many simple parts., semantic networksemantic network, n.: A way of storing knowledge as a web of concepts joined by labeled arrows, such as 'canary — is a — bird' and 'bird — can — fly', so a program can follow the links., The Society of MindThe Society of Mind, prop. n.: AI pioneer Marvin Minsky's 1986 book arguing that intelligence comes from huge numbers of tiny, simple processes working together, no one of which is smart by itself., conceptual dependencyconceptual dependency, n.: A 1970s theory for representing the meaning of sentences with a small set of basic actions, so that 'John gave Mary a book' and 'Mary got a book from John' come out the same., description logicdescription logic, n.: A family of precise logical languages for defining categories and how they relate, such as 'a parent is a person with at least one child', designed so that a computer's reasoning about them always finishes., knowledge engineeringknowledge engineering, n.: The craft of collecting what human experts know — through interviews, observation and documents — and turning it into rules or structured data that a computer system can use., MIT AI LabMIT AI Lab, prop. n.: The artificial intelligence laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, founded in 1959 and one of the birthplaces of AI and hacker culture; it is now part of MIT's computer science lab, CSAIL., neats and scruffiesneats and scruffies, phr.: A joking split of AI researchers into 'neats', who want clean mathematical theories that can be proved correct, and 'scruffies', who build messy collections of tricks that simply work., scriptscript, n.: In classic AI, a stored outline of a familiar sequence of events, such as eating at a restaurant, that helps a program understand a story by filling in what normally happens.