Gemini
In plain wordsGoogle's family of AI models and its chatbot assistant, launched in December 2023. Gemini models handle text, images, audio and video and power many Google products.
Google DeepMindGoogle DeepMind, prop. n.: Google's main artificial intelligence laboratory, formed in 2023 by joining DeepMind and Google Brain. It builds the Gemini models and scientific AI systems such as AlphaFold.'s line of natively multimodal large language modelslarge language model, n.: A computer program trained on enormous amounts of text to predict the words that come next. At vast scale, that simple skill lets it chat, answer questions, translate, summarize and write code., together with the consumer assistant that runs on them. The first generation, unveiled on 6 December 2023 in three sizes (Nano, Pro and Ultra), learned from interleaved text, images, audio and video from the start, rather than having vision added to a text model afterward. Gemini 1.5 (February 2024) adopted a mixture-of-expertsmixture of experts, n.: A way to build very large AI models cheaply: the model contains many specialist sub-networks, and for each word only a few are switched on, picked by a small dispatcher network. design and a context window of one million tokens, later two million; Gemini 2.0 (December 2024) targeted agentic use; and Gemini 2.5 (March 2025) made built-in reasoningreasoning model, n.: An AI model trained to work through a problem step by step in hidden 'thinking' text before it answers. Letting it think longer generally makes it better at math, coding and planning. standard. Gemini 3 Pro followed in November 2025 and Gemini 3 Flash in December 2025. Google's chatbot Bard, launched in March 2023, was renamed Gemini in February 2024, and Gemini models run in Search, Android, Workspace and Google Cloud. Smaller open-weightopen-weight model, n.: An AI model whose trained internal numbers are published for anyone to download and run on their own computers, even if the data and code used to make it stay private. relatives are released under the name Gemma.
We moved the long-document pipeline to Gemini for its million-token context window.
Origin
The first model family built after Google merged its Brain team with DeepMind in April 2023. The name, Latin for 'twins', was explained by Google's Jeff Dean as a nod to the two merged teams and to NASA's Project Gemini. In late September 2026 Google was reported to be planning to release Gemini 4 before the end of the year.
Usage note
A Gemini Deep Think model reached gold-medal standard at the 2025 International Mathematical Olympiad (see AlphaProofAlphaProof, prop. n.: A Google DeepMind system that learned to write computer-checked mathematical proofs by trial and error. In 2024 it helped an AI reach silver-medal level at the International Mathematical Olympiad for the first time.). In February 2024 Google paused Gemini's image generation of people after historically inaccurate depictions drew criticism.
Related
- Google DeepMindGoogle DeepMind, prop. n.: Google's main artificial intelligence laboratory, formed in 2023 by joining DeepMind and Google Brain. It builds the Gemini models and scientific AI systems such as AlphaFold.
- large language modellarge language model, n.: A computer program trained on enormous amounts of text to predict the words that come next. At vast scale, that simple skill lets it chat, answer questions, translate, summarize and write code.
- ClaudeClaude, prop. n.: A family of AI assistants and language models made by the company Anthropic since 2023, widely used for writing, analysis and computer programming.
- ChatGPTChatGPT, prop. n.: OpenAI's AI chatbot, released free to the public in November 2022, which answers questions, writes and converses in everyday language. Its sudden popularity began the current AI boom.
- PaLMPaLM, prop. n.: A very large Google language model from 2022 that showed sudden jumps in reasoning, and even explained jokes, as it grew. Its successor powered Google's Bard chatbot before the Gemini models replaced it.
- LaMDA sentience controversyLaMDA sentience controversy, n.: A 2022 episode in which a Google engineer claimed the company's chatbot LaMDA had become conscious and deserved rights. Google rejected the claim and later fired him for breaking its confidentiality rules, and the case set off worldwide debate.
- AlphaProofAlphaProof, prop. n.: A Google DeepMind system that learned to write computer-checked mathematical proofs by trial and error. In 2024 it helped an AI reach silver-medal level at the International Mathematical Olympiad for the first time.
Sources
- Gemini Team, Google (2023). Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models. arXiv:2312.11805.
Mentioned in
chatbotchatbot, n.: Software you chat with in ordinary language, by typing or talking, as you would with a person. The newest ones, such as ChatGPT, can answer questions, draft writing and keep long conversations going., ClaudeClaude, prop. n.: A family of AI assistants and language models made by the company Anthropic since 2023, widely used for writing, analysis and computer programming., Demis HassabisDemis Hassabis, prop. n.: A British AI researcher and former chess prodigy who co-founded DeepMind, led the teams behind AlphaGo and AlphaFold, and shared the 2024 Nobel Prize in Chemistry., Google DeepMindGoogle DeepMind, prop. n.: Google's main artificial intelligence laboratory, formed in 2023 by joining DeepMind and Google Brain. It builds the Gemini models and scientific AI systems such as AlphaFold., proprietary modelproprietary model, n.: An AI model kept private by the company that made it; outsiders can use it only through the company's apps or paid online services and can never download it., GemmaGemma, prop. n.: Google's family of free-to-download AI language models: smaller relatives of its Gemini systems, compact enough to run on a single computer and, in some versions, on a phone., glue on pizzaglue on pizza, n.: A notorious 2024 blunder in which Google's AI search summaries told people to add glue to pizza sauce, having taken an old joke from an online forum as genuine advice., Jeff DeanJeff Dean, prop. n.: An American computer scientist who built much of Google's computing infrastructure, co-founded the Google Brain deep-learning team and was Google's chief scientist before leaving in 2026 to co-found a startup., Noam ShazeerNoam Shazeer, prop. n.: An American computer scientist who co-invented the transformer and several techniques found in nearly every large language model, co-founded Character.AI, and later returned to Google to co-lead Gemini., AlphaGeometryAlphaGeometry, prop. n.: A Google DeepMind system from 2024 that solves olympiad geometry problems nearly as well as top human competitors, by pairing a language model that suggests constructions with a logic engine that checks every step., AlphaProofAlphaProof, prop. n.: A Google DeepMind system that learned to write computer-checked mathematical proofs by trial and error. In 2024 it helped an AI reach silver-medal level at the International Mathematical Olympiad for the first time., Gemini RoboticsGemini Robotics, prop. n.: A family of AI models from Google DeepMind, built on its Gemini models, that let robots understand what they see and what people ask of them, and turn that understanding into physical actions., Koray KavukcuogluKoray Kavukcuoglu, prop. n.: A Turkish-born computer scientist who co-authored many of DeepMind's landmark papers and in 2026 took charge of Google DeepMind as its senior vice president., LaMDA sentience controversyLaMDA sentience controversy, n.: A 2022 episode in which a Google engineer claimed the company's chatbot LaMDA had become conscious and deserved rights. Google rejected the claim and later fired him for breaking its confidentiality rules, and the case set off worldwide debate., Oriol VinyalsOriol Vinyals, prop. n.: A Spanish computer scientist who co-created key neural methods for translation and image captioning, led DeepMind's StarCraft-playing AlphaStar, co-led Google's Gemini models, and in 2026 co-founded the startup Discovery Loop., PaLMPaLM, prop. n.: A very large Google language model from 2022 that showed sudden jumps in reasoning, and even explained jokes, as it grew. Its successor powered Google's Bard chatbot before the Gemini models replaced it.